Referanser
1. Felson DT, Zhang Y: An update on the epidemiology of knee and hip osteoarthritis with a view to prevention. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:1343-55
2. van Saase, von Romunde LK, Cats A, Vandenbrouche JP, Valkenburg HA. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: Zoetermeer Survey. Comparisation of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in 10 other populations. Ann Rheum Dis. 1989;48:271-80
3. Lawrence JS, Sebo M. The geography of osteoarthritis. In: Nuki G, ed. The Aetiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Kent, UK: Pitman Medical; 1980:1955-83
4. Clark AG, Jordan JM, Vilim VV, Renner JB, Dragomir AD, Luta G, et al. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein reflects osteoarthritis presence and severity: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:2356-64
5. Spector TD, Cicuttini F, Baker J, Loughlin J, Hart D. Genetic influences on osteoarthritis in women. A twin study. BMJ. 1996;312:940-3
6. Glasson SS, Askew R, Sheppard B, Carito B, Blanchet T, Ma HL, Flannery CR, Peluso D, Kanki K, Yang Z, Majumdar MK, Morris EA. Deletion of active ADAMTS5 prevents cartilage degradation in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Nature 2005;434:644-8
7. Stanton H, Rogerson FM, East CJ, Golub SB, Lawlor KE, Meeker CT, Little CB, Last K, Farmer PJ, Campbell IK, Fourie AM, Fosang AJ. ADAMTS5 is the major aggrecanase in mouse cartilage in vivo and in vitro. Nature 2005;434:648-52
8. http://www.odont.uio.no/allmennodontologi-voksen/ICD10SOK/icd10/KXVII_9.htm
9. Manninen P, Riihimaki H, Heliovaara M, Makela P. Overweight, gender an knee osteoarthritis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996;20:595-7
10. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Naimark A, Weissman B, Aliabadi P, et al. Risk factors for incident knee radiographic in the elderly: the Framingham study. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:728-33
11. Cooper C, Inskip H, Croft P, Campbell L, Smith G, McLaren M, Coggon D. Individual risk factors for hip osteoarthritis: obesity, hip injury, and physical activity. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:516-22
12. Lievense AM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Verhagen AP, van Baar ME, Verhaar JAN, Koes BW. Influence of obesity on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review. Rheumatology 2002;41:1155-1162
13. Carman WJ. Sowers MF, Hawtorne VM, Weissfeld LA. Obesity as a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol. 1994:139:119-129
14. Oliveria SA, Felson DT, Reed JI, Walker AM. Body weight and the developement of incident hand, hip and knee osteoarthritis in women. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:S341
15. Terlain B, Durmond H, Presle N, Mainard D, Bianchi A, Loeuille D, Netter P, Pottie P. Is leptin the missing link between osteoarthritis and obesity? Ann Pharm Fr. 2005 Jun;63(3):186-93
16. Flugrud GB. Risk factors for total hip replacement due to primary osteoarthtitis: a cohort study in 50,034 persons. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46(3):675-82
17. Felson DT, Hannen MT, Naimark A, Berkeley J, Gordon G, Wilson PW, et al. Occupational physical demands, knee bending, and knee osteoarthritis: results from the Framingham study. J Rheumatol 1991;18:1587-92
18. Coggon D, Kellingray S, Inskip H, Croft P, Campbell L, Cooper C. Osteoarthritis of the hip and occupational lifting. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147:523-8
19. Lane NE, Michel B, Bjorkengren A, Oehlert J, Shi H, Block DA, et al. The risk of osteoarthritis with running and aging. A 5-year longitudinal study. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:461-8
20. Lane NE, Block DA, Wood PD, Fries JF. Aging, long-distance running, and development of musculoskeletal disability. A controlled study. Am J Med. 1987:82:772-80
21. Newton PM, Mow VC, Gardner TR, Buckwalter JA, Albright JP. Winner of the 1996 Caubard Award. The effect of lifelong exercise on canine articular cartilage. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:282-7
22. Sutton AJ, Muir KR, Mockett S, Fentem P. A case-control study to investigate the relation between low and moderate levels of physical activity and osteoarthritis of the knee using data collected as part of the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey. Ann Rheum Dis 2001;60:756-764
23. Buckwalter JA, Lane LE. Athletics and osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:873-81
24. Slemenda C, Heilman DK, Brandt KD, Katz BP, Mazzuca SA, Braunstein EM, et al. Reduced quadriceps strength relative to body weight: a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis in women? Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:1951-9
25. Brandt KD, Heilman MS, Slemenda C, Katz BP, Mazzuca S, Braunstein EM, et al. Quadriceps strength in women with radiographically progressive osteoarthritis of the knee and those with stable radiographic changes. J Rheumatol. 1999 Nov;26:2431-7
26. Radin EL, Paul IL, Rose RM. Role of mechanical factors in pathogenesis of primary osteoarthritis. Lancet. 1972;1:519-22) (Sowers M, Lachance L, Jamadar D, Hochberg MC, Hollis B, Crutchfield M, et al. The associations of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers with osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in pre- and perimenopausal women. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:483-9
27. Slemenda C, Brandt KD, Heilman DK, Mazzuca S, Braunstein EM, Katz BP, et al. Quadriceps weakness and osteoarthritis of the knee. Ann Intern Med. 1997;127:97-104
28. Drogset JO, Grøntvedt T. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without a ligament augmentation device: Am J Sports Med 2002;30:851-856
29. Roos H, Lauren M, Adalberth T, Roos EM, Jonsson K, Lohmander LS. Knee osteoarthritis after meniscectomy: prevalence of radiographic changes after twenty-one years, compared with matched controls. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41(4): 687-93
30. Roos EM, Ostenberg A, Roos H, Ekdahl C, Lohmander LS. Long-term outcome of meniscectomy: symptoms, function, and performance tests with or without radiographic osteoarthritis compared with matched controls. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2001;9:316-24
31. Englund M, Lohmander S. Patellofemoral osteoarthritis coexistent with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis in a meniscectomy population. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005.
32. Englund M, Roos EM, Lohmander LS. Impact of type of meniscal tear on radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a sixteen-year followup of meniscectomy with matched controls. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2178-87
33. Englund M, Lohmander LS. Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:2811-9
34. Roos EM. Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:195-200
35. Borch-Johnsen B, Hauge A. Bør jernpreparater reseptbelegges? Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2001;121:460-2
36. Papakonstantinou O, Mohana-Borges AV, Campbell L, Trudell D, Haghighi P, Resnick D. Hip arthropathy in a patient with primary hemochromatosis: MR findings with pathologic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34:180-4
37. Basi D, Carletto A, Caramaschi P, Maleknia T, Scambi C, Melchiori S, Bambara LM. The articular damage of hemochromatosis. A little known aspect. Recenti Prog Med. 1999;90:226-30
38. Frey MI, Barret-Connor E, Sledge PA, Schneider DL, Weisman MH. The effect of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus on the prevalence of clinical osteoarthritis. A population based study. J Rheumatol 1996;23:716-22
39. Sturmer T, Brenner H, Brenner RE, Gunther KP. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and patterns of osteoarthritis. The Ulm osteoarthritis study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001;30:169-71
40. Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Chaisson CE, McAlindon TE, Evans SR, Aliabadi P, et al. Bone mineral density and risk of incident and progressive radiographic knee osteoarthritis in women. The Framingham Study. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1032-7
41. Richette P, Corvol M, Bardin T. Estrogens, cartilage, and osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2003;70:257-62
42. Gokhale JA, Frenkel SR, Dicesare PE. Estrogen and osteoarthritis. Am J Orthop. 2004;33:71-80
43. Felson DT, Nevitt MC. The effects of estrogen on osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1998 May;10(3):269-72
44. Hanna FS, Wluka AE, Bell RJ, Davis SR, Cicuttini FM. Osteoarthritis and the postmenopausal woman: Epidemiological, magnetic resonance imaging, and radiological findings. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;34:631-6
45. Von Muhlen D, Morton D, Von Muhlen CA, Barret-Connor E. Postmenopausal estrogen and increased risk of clinical osteoarthritis at the hip, hand, and knee in older women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002;11:511-8
46. Nevitt MC, Lane NE, Scott JC, Hochberg MC, Pressman AR, Cummings SR, et al. Radiographic osteoarthritis of the hip and bone mineral density. The study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:907-16
47. Hannan MT, Anderson JJ, Zhang Y, Levy D, Felson DT. Bone Mineral Density and knee osteoarthritis in elderly men and women. The Framingham study. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36:1671-80
48. Frei B. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant vitamins: mechanism of action. Am J Med. 1994;97:5S-13S
49. McAlindon TE, Jacques P, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Aliabadi P, Weissman B, et al. Do antioxidant micronutrients protect against the developement and progression of knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:648-56
50. McAlindon TE, Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Aliabadi P, Weissman B, et al. Relation of dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin D to progression of osteoarthritis of the knee among participants in the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:353-9
51. http://www.sarkoidose.no/pdf/Leddsmerter.pdf
52. Ahlbäck S. Osteoarthritis of the knee. A radiographic investigation. Acta Radiol Suppl 1968; 277: 7-72
53. Zhang W, Doherty M, Arden N, Bannwarth B, Bijlsma J, Gunther K-P, Hauselmann HJ, Herrero-Beaumont G, Jordan K; Kaklamanis P, Leeb B, Lequesne M, Lohmander S, Mazieres B, Martin-Mola, Pavelka K, Pendleton A, Punzi L, Swoboda B, Varatoja R, Verbruggen G, Zimmermann-Gorska I, Dougados M. EULAR evidence based recommendations for the management of hip osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Commitee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCIST) Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:669-681
54. Jordan KM, Arden NK, Doherty M, Bannwarth B, Bijlsma JWJ, Dieppe P, Gunther K, Hauselmann H, Herrero-Beaumont G, Kaklamanis P, Lohmander S, Leeb B, Lequesne M, Mazieres B, Martin-Mola E, Pavelka K, Pendleton A, Punzi L, Serni U, Swoboda B, Verbruggen G, Zimmerman-Gorska I, Dougados M. EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Commitee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:1145-1155
55. Kirkley A, Webster-Bogaert S, Litchfield R, Amendola A, MacDonald S, McCalden R, et al. The effect of bracing on varus gonarthrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:539-48
56. Maillefert JF, Hudry C, Baron G, Kieffert P, Boureois P, Lechavalier D, et al. Laterally elevated wedged insoles in the treatment of medially knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized controlled study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001;9:738-45
57. Tohyama H, Yasuda K, Kaneda K. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with heel wedges. Int Orthop 1991;13:31-3
58. Sasaki K, Yasuda K. Clinical evaluation of the treatment of osteoarthritis knees using a newly designed wedged insole. Clin Orthop 1985;221:181-7
59. Cushnaghan J, McCarthy C, Dieppe P. Taping of the patella medially: a new treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee joint. BMJ. 1994;308:753-5
60. Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Hochberg MC, McAlindon T, Dieppe PA, Minor MA, Blair SN, Berman BM, Fries JF, Weinberger M, Lorig KR, Jacobs JJ, Goldberg V. Osteoarthritis: New Insight. Part 2: Treatment Approaches. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:726-737
61. Hem E. Akupunktur ved kneartrose? Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2005;125:699
62. Brosseau L, MacLeay L, Robinson VA, Tugwell P, Wells G. Intensity of exercise for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 2.Art.No.:CD004259. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004259
63. Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M. Aerobic walking or strengthening exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee? A systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:544-8
64. Kettunen JA, Kujula UM. Exercise therapy for people with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004;14:138-42
65. Fransen M, McConnell S, Bell M. Exercise of the hip or knee. The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 2. Art.No.: CD004376. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004376
63. Fransen M, McConnell S, Bell M. Exercise of the hip or knee. The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 2. Art.No.: CD004376. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004376
64. Grace D, Rogers J, Skeith K, Anderson K. Topical diclofenac versus placebo: a double blind, randomised clinical trial in patiens with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 1999;26:2659-63
65. Dreiser RL, Tisne-Camus M. DHEP plasters as a topical treatment of knee osteoarthritis – a double blind placebo-controlled study. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1993;19:121-7
66. Mansson JJ, Rahman A. This house belives that we should advise our patients with osteoarthritis of the knee to take glucosamine. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43:100-1 67. Vinge E. Glukosamin för lindring av besvär vid artrose. Tidsskrift Nor Lægeforen 2005;125:1667-8
68. Lassen E. Glucosamin / kolesterol mulig interaksjon. Ugeskrift Læger 2004;166:3957
69. Morreale P, Manupulo R, Galati M, Boccanera L, Saponati G, Bocchi L. Comparison of the antiinflammatory efficacy of chondroitin sulphate and diclofenac sodium in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1385-91
70. Long L, Soeken K, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology 2001;40:779-793
71. http://www.slidgigt.dk/Behandling/default.aspx?ArtikelID=Kosttilskud
72. Cho SH, Jung YB, Seong SC, Park HB, Byun KY, Lee DC, Song EK, Son JH. Clinical efficiacy and safety of Lyprinol, a patended extract from New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna Canaliculus) in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: a multicenter 2-month clinical trial. Allerg Immunol 2003;35:212-6
73. Cristophersen OA, Haug A. Kosthold og smerte. Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2005;125:1219
74. Wobig M, Bach G, Beks P, Dickhut A, Runzheimer J, Schwieger G, et al. The role of elastoviscosity in the efficacy of viscosupplementation for the osteoarthritis of the knee: A comparison of hylan G-F 20 and a lower molecular weight hyaluronan. Clin Ther 1999;21:1549-62
75: http://www.legemiddelverket.no/terapi/2004/Artrose/LarsNordsletten.pdf
76. Fitzpatrick R, Shortall E, Sculpher M, Murray D, Morris R, Lodge M, et al. Primary total hip replacement surgey: a systematic review of outcomes and modelling of cost-effectiveness associated with different prosthesis. Health Technol Assess 1998;2:1-64
77. http://www.lommelegen.no/art/art1232.asp
78. Laoussadi S, Menkes CJ. Osteoarthritis of rare etiology. Rev Rhum Ed Fr. 1994;61:116S-123S
79. http://www.arthritis.org/research/bulletin/vol49/49_11.pdf
80. http://www.kunnskapssenteret.no/filer/rapport7-04.pdf
81. Moseley JB, O'Malley K, Petersen NJ, Menke TJ, Brody BA, Kuykendall DH et al. A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 81-8