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RARs and RXRs: various isoforms and their ligands

Six different retinoic acid receptors:

  • RARα binds at-RA and 9c-RA
  • RARβ binds at-RA and 9c-RA
  • RARγ binds at-RA and 9c-RA
  • RXRα binds 9c-RA
  • RXRβ binds 9c-RA
  • RXRγ binds 9c-RA

The receptors bind to DNA as a variety of heterodimers of the α-, β- and γ- isoforms.


Retinoic acid receptor = RAR
Retinoid X receptor = RXR
All-trans retinoic acid = at-RA
9-cis retinoic acid = 9c-RA